写在前面
完成类加载器加载class的三阶段,加载,解析,初始化中的加载😀😀😀
源码 。
jvm想要运行class,是根据类全限定名称来从特定的位置基于类加载器来查找的,分别如下:
启动类加载器负责加载jre/lib目录 扩展类加载器负责加载jre/ext/lib目录 应用加载器负责加载应用程序classpath
不管是哪种类加载器,都要完成找到class查找这个工作。
具体类加载器的工作流程可以分为如下3个步骤:
1:加载 根据类的全限定名称(包+类名称),定位并且读取字节码 2:链接(验证,准备,解析) 验证字节码是否合法,给静态变量申请内存,符号引用(一个串)转直接引用(一个内存地址) 3:初始化 执行初始化代码,如{}代码块,以及给静态变量赋值
本部分要来模拟的就是这里的1:加载。
1:程序
因为分别要从如下三个目录来查找class:
1:jre/lib 2:jre/ext/lib 3:应用classpath
不管是那个目录,用户在指定class所在位置时都可能使用不同的形式,可能如下:
1:一个目录,如d:\test\ 2:一个jar,zip等,如d:\test\aa.jar,d:\test\aa.zip 3:通配符形式,如d:\test\* 4:也可能是以上三种的组合形式
为了抽象不同的文件形式,我们先来定义如下文件入口形式的接口:
public interface Entry { byte[] readClass(String className) throws IOException; static Entry create(String path) { //File.pathSeparator;路径分隔符(win\linux) if (path.contains(File.pathSeparator)) { return new CompositeEntry(path); } if (path.endsWith("*")) { return new WildcardEntry(path); } if (path.endsWith(".jar") || path.endsWith(".JAR") || path.endsWith(".zip") || path.endsWith(".ZIP")) { return new ZipEntry(path); } return new DirEntry(path); } }
其中抽象方法readClass用来完成读取字节码的工作,也就是本文要做的内容,静态方法create用来根据给定的路径生成对应的Entry对象,这里根据路径形式的不同我们需要定义Entry不同的子类,分别是目录形式的子类DirectoryEntry:
package com.dahuyou.find.clazz.entry.impl; import com.dahuyou.find.clazz.entry.Entry; import java.io.IOException; import java.nio.file.Files; import java.nio.file.Path; import java.nio.file.Paths; /** * 目录形式的entry 如 d:\test */ public class DirectoryEntry implements Entry { private Path absolutePath; public DirectoryEntry(String path) { //获取***路径 this.absolutePath = Paths.get(path).toAbsolutePath(); } @Override public byte[] readClass(String className) throws IOException { return Files.readAllBytes(absolutePath.resolve(className)); } @Override public String toString() { return this.absolutePath.toString(); } }
jar和zip形式的entry:
package com.dahuyou.find.clazz.entry.impl; import com.dahuyou.find.clazz.entry.Entry; import java.io.IOException; import java.nio.file.*; /** * jar,zip形式的entry */ public class JarOrZipEntry implements Entry { private Path absolutePath; public JarOrZipEntry(String path) { //获取***路径 this.absolutePath = Paths.get(path).toAbsolutePath(); } @Override public byte[] readClass(String className) throws IOException { try (FileSystem zipFs = FileSystems.newFileSystem(absolutePath, null)) { return Files.readAllBytes(zipFs.getPath(className)); } } @Override public String toString() { return this.absolutePath.toString(); } }
这里因为通配符形式的路径其实是组合形式的一种特殊写法,如d:\test\目录下有a.jar,b.jar,则组合形式就是d:\test\a.jar,d:\test\b.jar,而通配符形式就是d:\test\*,通配符形式是可以转换为组合形式的,只不过多了一个转换的工作而已,所以这里,我们单独定义组合形式子类,然后再继承组合形式定义通配符形式。
则,组合形式子类如下:
package com.dahuyou.find.clazz.entry.impl; import com.dahuyou.find.clazz.entry.Entry; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; /** * 一组路径的组合形式entry */ public class CompositeEntry implements Entry { private final List entryList = new ArrayList(); public CompositeEntry(String pathList) { String[] paths = pathList.split(File.pathSeparator); for (String path : paths) { entryList.add(Entry.create(path)); } } @Override public byte[] readClass(String className) throws IOException { for (Entry entry : entryList) { try { return entry.readClass(className); } catch (Exception ignored) { //ignored } } throw new IOException("class not found " + className); } @Override public String toString() { String[] strs = new String[entryList.size()]; for (int i = 0; i通配符entry如下:
package com.dahuyou.find.clazz.entry.impl; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import java.nio.file.Files; import java.nio.file.Path; import java.nio.file.Paths; import java.util.stream.Collectors; /** * 通配符entry,继承CompositeEntry,只需要将通配符转换为一组路径,就转换为组合entry了, * 所以这里直接继承组合entry,妙啊!!! */ public class WildcardEntry extends CompositeEntry { public WildcardEntry(String path) { super(toPathList(path)); } private static String toPathList(String wildcardPath) { String baseDir = wildcardPath.replace("*", ""); // remove * try { return Files.walk(Paths.get(baseDir)) .filter(Files::isRegularFile) .map(Path::toString) .filter(p -> p.endsWith(".jar") || p.endsWith(".JAR")) .collect(Collectors.joining(File.pathSeparator)); } catch (IOException e) { return ""; } } }UML图:
又因为类***终其实是从classpath下查找的,所以我们还需要定义一个类来代表classpath,使用各种entry来完成具体查找class的工作:
package com.dahuyou.find.clazz.classpath; import com.dahuyou.find.clazz.classpath.entry.Entry; import com.dahuyou.find.clazz.classpath.entry.impl.WildcardEntry; import java.io.File; import java.nio.file.Files; import java.nio.file.Paths; /** * classpath类(jre entry+jre ext entry+应用entry) */ public class Classpath { // jre路径的entry(jvm中启动类加载器使用) private Entry bootstrapClasspath; // jre扩展路径entry(jvm中扩展类加载器使用) private Entry extensionClasspath; // 应用class路径entry(jvm中app类加载器使用) private Entry userClasspath; public Classpath(String jreOption, String cpOption) { //启动类(D:\programs\javas\java1.8\jre\lib)&扩展类(D:\programs\javas\java1.8\jre\lib\ext) bootstrapAndExtensionClasspath(jreOption); //用户类 d:\test\target\classes parseUserClasspath(cpOption); } private void bootstrapAndExtensionClasspath(String jreOption) { String jreDir = getJreDir(jreOption); //..jre/lib/* jre核心类库初始化 String jreLibPath = Paths.get(jreDir, "lib") + File.separator + "*"; bootstrapClasspath = new WildcardEntry(jreLibPath); //..jre/lib/ext/* jre ext初始化 String jreExtPath = Paths.get(jreDir, "lib", "ext") + File.separator + "*"; extensionClasspath = new WildcardEntry(jreExtPath); } private static String getJreDir(String jreOption) { // 用户直接设置了jre目录 D:\programs\javas\java1.8\jre if (jreOption != null && Files.exists(Paths.get(jreOption))) { return jreOption; } if (Files.exists(Paths.get("./jre"))) { return "./jre"; } String jh = System.getenv("JAVA_HOME"); if (jh != null) { return Paths.get(jh, "jre").toString(); } throw new RuntimeException("Can not find JRE folder!"); } private void parseUserClasspath(String cpOption) { if (cpOption == null) { cpOption = "."; } userClasspath = Entry.create(cpOption); } public byte[] readClass(String className) throws Exception { className = className + ".class"; // 先使用jre 的entry加载(对应jvm先通过启动类加载器加载) try { return bootstrapClasspath.readClass(className); } catch (Exception ignored) { //ignored } // jre的entry加载不到,使用ext对应的entry加载(对应jvm 启动类加载器加载不到,使用ext类加载器加载) try { return extensionClasspath.readClass(className); } catch (Exception ignored) { //ignored } // ***后通过用户类 entry加载(对应jvm***后猜使用app应用类加载器) return userClasspath.readClass(className); } }总结以上代码就是,为了对应不同形式的class,即不同入口形式的class,定义了entry接口,并根据不同的入口形式定义了对应的entry实现,然后定义了classpath类,该类分别针对jre,jre ext,用户类,定义了对应的entry,这样的当需要查找某个class时,就可以按照顺序分别从jre entry->jre ext entry->用户entry来查找了,可参考如下图:
接着我们还需要定义接收命令行参数的类,这个如果你看过前面的文章就比较熟悉了,这里贴下源码:
package com.dahuyou.find.clazz.cmd; import com.beust.jcommander.JCommander; import com.beust.jcommander.Parameter; import java.util.List; public class Cmd { @Parameter(names = {"-?", "-help"}, description = "print help message", order = 3, help = true) boolean helpFlag = false; @Parameter(names = "-version", description = "print version and exit", order = 2) boolean versionFlag = false; @Parameter(names = {"-cp", "-classpath"}, description = "classpath", order = 1) String classpath; @Parameter(names = "-Xthejrepath", description = "path to jre", order = 4) String thejrepath; // 要查找的目标类 @Parameter(names = "-Xthetargetclazz", description = "path to jre", order = 4) public String thetargetclazz; @Parameter(description = "main class and args") List mainClassAndArgs; boolean ok; String getMainClass() { return mainClassAndArgs != null && !mainClassAndArgs.isEmpty() ? mainClassAndArgs.get(0) : null; } List getAppArgs() { return mainClassAndArgs != null && mainClassAndArgs.size() > 1 ? mainClassAndArgs.subList(1, mainClassAndArgs.size()) : null; } static Cmd parse(String[] argv) { Cmd args = new Cmd(); JCommander cmd = JCommander.newBuilder().addObject(args).build(); cmd.parse(argv); args.ok = true; return args; } }通过-Xthejrepath来指定jre路径,当然也可以不指定,程序也会读取JAVA_HOME环境变量配置。-Xthetargetclazz指定要查找的目标类。
定义主函数类:
package com.dahuyou.find.clazz; import com.dahuyou.find.clazz.classpath.Classpath; import com.dahuyou.find.clazz.cmd.Cmd; import java.util.Arrays; /** * program arguments:-Xthejrepath D:\programs\javas\java1.8/jre -Xthetargetclazz D:\test\itstack-demo-jvm-master\find-class-from-classpath\target\test-classes\com\dahuyou\find\clazz\test\ShowMeByteCode */ public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { Cmd cmd = Cmd.parse(args); if (!cmd.ok || cmd.helpFlag) { System.out.println("Usage: [-options] class [args...]"); return; } if (cmd.versionFlag) { //注意案例测试都是基于1.8,另外jdk1.9以后使用模块化没有rt.jar System.out.println("java version \"1.8.0\""); return; } startJVM(cmd); } private static void startJVM(Cmd cmd) { // 创建classpath Classpath cp = new Classpath(cmd.thejrepath, cmd.classpath); System.out.printf("classpath:%s class:%s args:%s\n", cp, cmd.getMainClass(), cmd.getAppArgs()); //获取className // String className = cmd.getMainClass().replace(".", "/"); try { // byte[] classData = cp.readClass(className); byte[] classData = cp.readClass(cmd.thetargetclazz.replace(".", "/")); System.out.println(Arrays.toString(classData)); System.out.println("classData:"); for (byte b : classData) { //16进制输出 System.out.print(String.format("%02x", b & 0xff) + " "); } } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Could not find or load main class " + cmd.getMainClass()); e.printStackTrace(); } } }为了测试,我们来定义一个要查找的类:
package com.dahuyou.find.clazz.test; public class ShowMeByteCode { public static void main(String[] args) { } }运行,首先配置参数:
-Xthejrepath D:\programs\javas\java1.8/jre -Xthetargetclazz D:\test\itstack-demo-jvm-master\find-class-from-classpath\target\test-classes\com\dahuyou\find\clazz\test\ShowMeByteCode-Xthejrepath设置jre的路径,-Xthetargetclazz设置要查找的目标class,运行如下:
classpath:com.dahuyou.find.clazz.classpath.Classpath@bebdb06 class:null args:null [-54, -2, -70, -66, 0, 0, 0, 52, 0, 20, 10, 0, 3, 0, 17, 7, 0, 18, 7, 0, 19, 1, 0, 6, 60, 105, 110, 105, 116, 62, 1, 0, 3, 40, 41, 86, 1, 0, 4, 67, 111, 100, 101, 1, 0, 15, 76, 105, 110, 101, 78, 117, 109, 98, 101, 114, 84, 97, 98, 108, 101, 1, 0, 18, 76, 111, 99, 97, 108, 86, 97, 114, 105, 97, 98, 108, 101, 84, 97, 98, 108, 101, 1, 0, 4, 116, 104, 105, 115, 1, 0, 44, 76, 99, 111, 109, 47, 100, 97, 104, 117, 121, 111, 117, 47, 102, 105, 110, 100, 47, 99, 108, 97, 122, 122, 47, 116, 101, 115, 116, 47, 83, 104, 111, 119, 77, 101, 66, 121, 116, 101, 67, 111, 100, 101, 59, 1, 0, 4, 109, 97, 105, 110, 1, 0, 22, 40, 91, 76, 106, 97, 118, 97, 47, 108, 97, 110, 103, 47, 83, 116, 114, 105, 110, 103, 59, 41, 86, 1, 0, 4, 97, 114, 103, 115, 1, 0, 19, 91, 76, 106, 97, 118, 97, 47, 108, 97, 110, 103, 47, 83, 116, 114, 105, 110, 103, 59, 1, 0, 10, 83, 111, 117, 114, 99, 101, 70, 105, 108, 101, 1, 0, 19, 83, 104, 111, 119, 77, 101, 66, 121, 116, 101, 67, 111, 100, 101, 46, 106, 97, 118, 97, 12, 0, 4, 0, 5, 1, 0, 42, 99, 111, 109, 47, 100, 97, 104, 117, 121, 111, 117, 47, 102, 105, 110, 100, 47, 99, 108, 97, 122, 122, 47, 116, 101, 115, 116, 47, 83, 104, 111, 119, 77, 101, 66, 121, 116, 101, 67, 111, 100, 101, 1, 0, 16, 106, 97, 118, 97, 47, 108, 97, 110, 103, 47, 79, 98, 106, 101, 99, 116, 0, 33, 0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 4, 0, 5, 0, 1, 0, 6, 0, 0, 0, 47, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 5, 42, -73, 0, 1, -79, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 6, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 8, 0, 0, 0, 12, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 9, 0, 10, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 11, 0, 12, 0, 1, 0, 6, 0, 0, 0, 43, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, -79, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 6, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 6, 0, 8, 0, 0, 0, 12, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 13, 0, 14, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 16] classData: ca fe ba be 00 00 00 34 00 14 0a 00 03 00 11 07 00 12 07 00 13 01 00 06 3c 69 6e 69 74 3e 01 00 03 28 29 56 01 00 04 43 6f 64 65 01 00 0f 4c 69 6e 65 4e 75 6d 62 65 72 54 61 62 6c 65 01 00 12 4c 6f 63 61 6c 56 61 72 69 61 62 6c 65 54 61 62 6c 65 01 00 04 74 68 69 73 01 00 2c 4c 63 6f 6d 2f 64 61 68 75 79 6f 75 2f 66 69 6e 64 2f 63 6c 61 7a 7a 2f 74 65 73 74 2f 53 68 6f 77 4d 65 42 79 74 65 43 6f 64 65 3b 01 00 04 6d 61 69 6e 01 00 16 28 5b 4c 6a 61 76 61 2f 6c 61 6e 67 2f 53 74 72 69 6e 67 3b 29 56 01 00 04 61 72 67 73 01 00 13 5b 4c 6a 61 76 61 2f 6c 61 6e 67 2f 53 74 72 69 6e 67 3b 01 00 0a 53 6f 75 72 63 65 46 69 6c 65 01 00 13 53 68 6f 77 4d 65 42 79 74 65 43 6f 64 65 2e 6a 61 76 61 0c 00 04 00 05 01 00 2a 63 6f 6d 2f 64 61 68 75 79 6f 75 2f 66 69 6e 64 2f 63 6c 61 7a 7a 2f 74 65 73 74 2f 53 68 6f 77 4d 65 42 79 74 65 43 6f 64 65 01 00 10 6a 61 76 61 2f 6c 61 6e 67 2f 4f 62 6a 65 63 74 00 21 00 02 00 03 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 01 00 04 00 05 00 01 00 06 00 00 00 2f 00 01 00 01 00 00 00 05 2a b7 00 01 b1 00 00 00 02 00 07 00 00 00 06 00 01 00 00 00 03 00 08 00 00 00 0c 00 01 00 00 00 05 00 09 00 0a 00 00 00 09 00 0b 00 0c 00 01 00 06 00 00 00 2b 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 01 b1 00 00 00 02 00 07 00 00 00 06 00 01 00 00 00 06 00 08 00 00 00 0c 00 01 00 00 00 01 00 0d 00 0e 00 00 00 01 00 0f 00 00 00 02 00 10 Process finished with exit code 0可以使用sublime等工具打开class,查看十六进制字节码对比程序输出结果:
写在后面
参考文章列表
【Java 基础篇】Java类加载器详解 。
jvm之启动参数 。
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